

Bots that use the same C&C network, and can therefore be controlled simultaneously by a single botmaster, make up a botnet, short for “robot network.” In years gone by, many botnets used an instant messaging protocol called IRC (Internet Relay Chat) for C&C, but that has fallen out of favour these days. Botnet Command-and-Control The process by which bots fetch their what-to-do-next instructions is known as command-and-control (abbreviated C&C, or sometimes C2), and the places bots connect to are known, unsurprisingly, as C&C servers. The next time you turn it on, it will get busy with all its outstanding tasks automatically, including catching up on its backlog of spam sending. On the other hand, the crook doesn’t have to keep trying to contact your computer if he doesn’t get through the first time, for example because you’re asleep and so is your laptop.
